Cross Sectional Absolute Deviation of Security Return: Evidence from European Equity Markets

Authors

  • Danrimi, Moh’d Lawal Department of Accounting, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina, Katsina State
  • Shareef, Mukthar Department of Accounting, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina, Katsina State

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61143/umyu-jafr.2(2)2021.008

Keywords:

Herding, Financial Regulation, Equity Markets

Abstract

This paper tries to investigate whether changes in information environment resulting from the changes in the EU financial market regulations mitigates investors’ herding practice in the equity market. To achieve this set objective, the paper employs and modifies one of the most reliable and widely used herding detection techniques of Cross-Sectional Absolute Deviation (CSAD) which uses stock return dispersion as a function of aggregate market return as a proxy for herding behavior. The rationale behind these herding measures is that limited deviation of returns around their cross-sectional average implies that investors ignore their prior heterogeneous information and follow the market consensus in their trading patterns. The findings of this study reveal significant evidence of investors’ herding practice following the EU financial regulatory changes. These findings tend to defy the notion that strengthening financial regulations has the potential to enhance the informational efficiency of capital markets by encouraging information-based trading and mitigating irrational investment behaviors like intentional herding. The results of this study are expected to be of interest to academics, regulators, and policy-makers, and to the investing public and other market participants who trade based on firm fundamental variables. Moreover, the findings can be used to serve as a reminder to regulators in other jurisdictions to ensure that their countries are maintaining a clean and healthy financial markets regulatory infrastructure.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Ahmed, A. S., & Schneible, R. A. (2007). The impact of regulation fair disclosure on investors' prior information quality-evidence from an analysis of changes in trading volume and stock price reactions to earnings announcements. Journal of Corporate Finance, 13(2), 282-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2006.11.003

Ananzeh, I. E. N. (2014). Testing the weak form of efficient market hypothesis: Empirical evidence from Jordan. International Business and Management, 9(2), 119-123.

Armstrong, C. S., Barth, M. E., Jagolinzer, A. D., & Riedl, E. J. (2010). Market reaction to the adoption of IFRS in Europe. The Accounting Review, 85(1), 31-61. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2010.85.1.31

Arya, A., Glover, J., Mittendorf, B., & Narayanamoorthy, G. (2005). Unintended consequences of regulating disclosures: The case of Regulation Fair Disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 24(3), 243-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2005.03.004

Babajide, A. A., & Adetiloye, K. A. (2012). Investors' behavioral biases and the security market: An empirical study of the Nigerian security market. Accounting and Finance Research, 1(1), 219-229. https://doi.org/10.5430/afr.v1n1p219

Barth, J. R., Caprio, G., & Levine, R. (2004). Bank regulation and supervision: what works best? Journal of Financial Intermediation, 13(2), 205-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2003.06.002

Belhoula, M., & Naoui, K. (2011). Herding and Positive Feedback Trading in American Stock Market: A Two Co-directional Behavior of Investors. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(9), 244-252. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v6n9p244

Beneish, M. D., & Yohn, T. L. (2008). Information friction and investor home bias: A perspective on the effect of global IFRS adoption on the extent of equity home bias. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 27(6), 433-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2008.09.001

BenMabrouk, H., & Litimi, H. (2018). Cross herding between American industries and the oil market. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2018.02.009

Bikhchandani, S., & Sharma, S. (2000). Herd behavior in financial markets. IMF Economic Review, 47(3), 279-310. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.228343

Blasco, N., Corredor, P., & Ferreruela, S. (2017). Can agents sensitive to cultural, organizational and environmental issues avoid herding? Finance Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2017.01.006

Bowe, M., & Domuta, D. (2004). Investor herding during financial crisis: A clinical study of the Jakarta Stock Exchange. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 12(4), 387-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2003.09.003

Branch, B. (2014). Institutional economics and behavioral finance. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 1, 13-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2013.11.001

Bushee, B. J., & Leuz, C. (2005). Economic consequences of SEC disclosure regulation: evidence from the OTC bulletin board. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 39(2), 233-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2004.04.002

Carhart, M. M. (1997). On persistence in mutual fund performance. The Journal of Finance, 52(1), 57-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb03808.x

Chan, S.-G., & Karim, M. Z. A. (2016). Financial market regulation, country governance, and bank efficiency: Evidence from East Asian countries. Contemporary Economics, 10(1), 39-54. https://doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.197

Chang, C. H., & Lin, S. (2015). The effects of national culture and behavioral pitfalls on investors' decision-making: Herding behavior in international stock markets. International Review of Economics & Finance, 37, 380-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2014.12.010

Chang, Cheng, J. W., & Khorana, A. (2000). An examination of herd behavior in equity markets: An international perspective. Journal of Banking & Finance, 24(10), 1651-1679. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(99)00096-5

Chau, F., Dosmukhambetova, G. B., & Kallinterakis, V. (2013). International Financial Reporting Standards and noise trading. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 14(1), 37-53. https://doi.org/10.1108/09675421311282531

Chiang, T. C., & Zheng, D. (2010). An empirical analysis of herd behavior in global stock markets. Journal of Banking & Finance, 34(8), 1911-1921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2009.12.014

Christensen, H. B., Hail, L., & Leuz, C. (2013). Mandatory IFRS reporting and changes in enforcement. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 56(2-3, Supplement 1), 147-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2013.10.007

Christensen, H. B., Hail, L., & Leuz, C. (2016). Capital-market effects of securities regulation: Prior conditions, implementation, and enforcement. The Review of Financial Studies, 29(11), 2885-2924. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhw055

Christie, W. G., & Huang, R. D. (1995). Following the pied piper: Do individual returns herd around the market? Financial Analysts Journal, 31-37. https://doi.org/10.2469/faj.v51.n4.1918

Cumming, D., Dannhauser, R., & Johan, S. (2015). Financial market misconduct and agency conflicts: A synthesis and future directions. Journal of Corporate Finance, 34, 150-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2015.07.016

Cumming, D., Johan, S., & Li, D. (2011). Exchange trading rules and stock market liquidity. Journal of Financial Economics, 99(3), 651-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2010.10.001

Dang, H. V., & Lin, M. (2016). Herd mentality in the stock market: On the role of idiosyncratic participants with heterogeneous information. International Review of Financial Analysis, 48, 247-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2016.10.005

Daniel, S. J., Cieslewicz, A. P. J. K., & Pourjalali, H. (2012). The impact of national economic culture and country-level institutional environment on corporate governance practices. Management International Review, 52(3), 365-394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-011-0108-x

Demirer, R., Kutan, A. M., & Chen, C.-D. (2010). Do investors herd in emerging stock markets?: Evidence from the Taiwanese market. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 76(2), 283-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2010.06.013

Duasa, J., & Kassim, S. (2009). Herd behavior in Malaysian capital market: An empirical analysis. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, 4(1), 7.

Economou, F., Katsikas, E., & Vickers, G. (2016). Testing for herding in the Athens Stock Exchange during the crisis period. Finance Research Letters, 18, 334-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2016.05.011

Economou, F., Kostakis, A., & Philippas, N. (2011). Cross-country effects in herding behaviour: Evidence from four south European markets. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 21(3), 443-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2011.01.005

Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (1995). Size and book‐to‐market factors in earnings and returns. The journal of finance, 50(1), 131-155. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1995.tb05169.x

Fernández, B., Garcia‐Merino, T., Mayoral, R., Santos, V., & Vallelado, E. (2011). Herding, information uncertainty and investors' cognitive profile. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 3(1), 7-33. https://doi.org/10.1108/17554171111124595

Galariotis, E. C., Krokida, S.-I., & Spyrou, S. I. (2016). Herd behavior and equity market liquidity: Evidence from major markets. International Review of Financial Analysis, 48, 140-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2016.09.013

Galariotis, E. C., Rong, W., & Spyrou, S. I. (2015). Herding on fundamental information: A comparative study. Journal of Banking & Finance, 50(0), 589-598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.03.014

Gavriilidis, K., Kallinterakis, V., & Ferreira, M. P. L. (2013). Institutional industry herding: Intentional or spurious? Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 26, 192-214.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2013.05.008

Gomes, A., Gorton, G., & Madureira, L. (2007). SEC Regulation Fair Disclosure, information, and the cost of capital. Journal of Corporate Finance, 13(2), 300-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2006.11.001

Gordy, M. B., & Howells, B. (2006). Procyclicality in Basel II: Can we treat the disease without killing the patient? Journal of Financial Intermediation, 15(3), 395-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2005.12.002

Goshen, Z., & Parchomovsky, G. (2005). The essential role of securities regulation. Duke LJ, 55, 711. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.600709

Grosse, R. (2017). The global financial crisis-Market misconduct and regulation from a behavioral view. Research in International Business and Finance, 41, 387-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.04.056

Guney, Y., Kallinterakis, V., & Komba, G. (2017). Herding in frontier markets: Evidence from African stock exchanges. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 47, 152-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2016.11.001

Hachicha, N. (2010). New sight of herding behavioural through trading volume (No. 2010-11). Economics Discussion Papers

Hail, L., & Leuz, C. (2006). International differences in the cost of equity capital: Do legal institutions and securities regulation matter? Journal of Accounting Research, 44(3), 485-531. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2006.00209.x

Hamberg, M., Mavruk, T., & Sjögren, S. (2013). Investment allocation decisions, home bias and the mandatory IFRS adoption. Journal of International Money and Finance, 36, 107-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2013.04.001

Healy, P. M., & Palepu, K. G. (2001). Information asymmetry, corporate disclosure, and the capital markets: A review of the empirical disclosure literature. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 31(1), 405-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(01)00018-0

Hirshleifer, D. (2001). Investor psychology and asset pricing. The Journal of Finance, 56(4), 1533-1597. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00379

Hope, O.-K., Jin, J., & Kang, T. (2006). Empirical evidence on jurisdictions that adopt IFRS. Journal of International Accounting Research, 5(2), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.2308/jiar.2006.5.2.1

Hou, A. J. (2013). Asymmetry effects of shocks in Chinese stock markets volatility: A generalized additive nonparametric approach. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 23(0), 12-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2012.08.003

Huang, T., & Zhao, Y. (2017). Revolution of securities law in the Internet Age: A review on equity crowd-funding. Computer Law & Security Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2017.05.016

Huang, T.-C., Wu, C.-C., & Lin, B.-H. (2016). Institutional herding and risk-return relationship. Journal of Business Research, 69(6), 2073-2080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.12.011

Hwang, Soonsung & Salmon, Mark (2004). Market stress and herding. Journal of Empirical Finance, 11(4) 585-616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2004.04.003

Jackson, H. E., & Roe, M. J. (2009). Public and private enforcement of securities laws: Resource-based evidence. Journal of Financial Economics, 93(2), 207-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2008.08.006

Jain, P. K., & Rezaee, Z. (2006). The Sarbanes‐Oxley Act of 2002 and Capital‐Market Behavior: Early Evidence. Contemporary Accounting Research, 23(3), 629-654. https://doi.org/10.1506/2GWA-MBPJ-L35D-C4K6

Jang, J. (2017). Stock return anomalies and individual investors in the Korean stock market. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 46, 141-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2017.09.002

Javaira, Z., & Hassan, A. (2015). An examination of herding behavior in Pakistani stock market. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 10(3), 474-490. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJoEM-07-2011-0064

Jiang, H., & Verardo, M. (2018). Does herding behavior reveal skill? An analysis of mutual fund performance. The Journal of Finance, 73(5), 2229-2269. https://doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12699

Kabir, M. H., & Shakur, S. (2018). Regime-dependent herding behavior in Asian and Latin American stock markets. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 47, 60-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2017.12.002

Kang, W. (2013). The impact of mandatory IFRS adoption on the earnings-returns relation. Applied Financial Economics, 23(13), 1137-1143. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603107.2013.797557

Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2009). Governance matters VIII: aggregate and individual governance indicators, 1996-2008. World bank policy research working paper(4978). https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4978

Kim, T., Koo, B., & Park, M. (2013). Role of financial regulation and innovation in the financial crisis. Journal of Financial Stability, 9(4), 662-672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2012.07.002

Klein, A. C. (2013). Time-variations in herding behavior: Evidence from a Markov switching SUR model. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 26(0), 291-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2013.06.006

Kremer, S., & Nautz, D. (2013). Causes and consequences of short-term institutional herding. Journal of Banking & Finance, 37(5), 1676-1686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.12.006

Kross, W. J., & Suk, I. (2012). Does Regulation FD work? Evidence from analysts' reliance on public disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 53(1), 225-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2011.11.004

La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A.(2006). What Works in Securities Laws? The Journal of Finance, Vol. LXI, No. 1, 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2006.00828.x

Lakonishok, J., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1992). The impact of institutional trading on stock prices. Journal of Financial Economics, 32(1), 23-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(92)90023-Q

Lambert, R., Leuz, C., & Verrecchia, R. E. (2007). Accounting information, disclosure, and the cost of capital. Journal of Accounting Research, 45(2), 385-420. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2007.00238.x

Lambertides, N., & Mazouz, K. (2013). Stock price volatility and informational efficiency following the mandatory adoption of IFRS in Europe. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 14(1), 4-17. https://doi.org/10.1108/09675421311282513

Lao, P., & Singh, H. (2011). Herding behaviour in the Chinese and Indian stock markets. Journal of Asian Economics, 22(6), 495-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2011.08.001

Leftwich, R. (1980). Market failure fallacies and accounting information. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 2(3), 193-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-4101(80)90002-6

Leuz, C., & Wysocki, P. D. (2016). The economics of disclosure and financial reporting regulation: Evidence and suggestions for future research. Journal of accounting research, 54(2), 525-622. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12115

Li, Y., Saunders, A., & Shao, P. (2015). Did Regulation Fair Disclosure affect credit markets? Journal of Banking & Finance, 54, 46-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2015.01.001

Litimi, H., BenSaïda, A., & Bouraoui, O. (2016). Herding and excessive risk in the American stock market: A sectoral analysis. Research in International Business and Finance, 38, 6-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2016.03.008

Mensah, Y. M., & Yang, R. (2008). An empirical evaluation of analysts' herding behavior following Regulation Fair Disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 27(4), 317-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2008.06.003

Mobarek, A., Mollah, S., & Keasey, K. (2014). A cross-country analysis of herd behavior in Europe. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 32, 107-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2014.05.008

Nasarudin, A. M., Noordin, B. A.A., Law, S. H., Yahaya, M.H, (2017). Investigation of Herding Behaviour in Developed and Developing Countries: Does Country Governance Factor Matters? Capital Markets Review 25 (2) pp. 1-14.

Nenova, T. (2006). Takeover laws and financial development (Vol. 4029): World Bank Publications. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4029

Palea, V. (2013). IAS/IFRS and financial reporting quality: Lessons from the European experience. China Journal of Accounting Research, 6(4), 247-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjar.2013.08.003

Panta, S. B., Phuyal, N., Sharma, R., & Vora, G. (2016). The Cross-Section of Stock Returns: An Application of Fama-French Approach to Nepal. Modern Economy, 7(02), 223. https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2016.72024

Peltzman, S., Levine, M. E., & Noll, R. G. (1989). The economic theory of regulation after a decade of deregulation. Brookings papers on economic activity. Microeconomics, 1989, 1-59. https://doi.org/10.2307/2534719

Prosad, J. M., Kapoor, S., & Sengupta, J. (2012). An Examination of Herd Behavior: An Empirical Evidence from Indian Equity Market. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 3(2), 154. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJTEF.2012.V3.190

Shiller, R. J. (2003). From efficient markets theory to behavioral finance. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(1), 83-104. https://doi.org/10.1257/089533003321164967

Sias, R. W. (2004). Institutional herding. Review of Financial Studies, 17(1), 165-206. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhg035

Simões Vieira, E. F., & Valente Pereira, M. S. (2015). Herding behaviour and sentiment: Evidence in a small European market. Revista de Contabilidad 18(1)78-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsar.2014.06.003

Singleton-Green, B. (2015). The effects of mandatory IFRS adoption in the EU: A review of empirical research (April 20, 2015). Information for Better Markets, Forthcoming, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2515391.

Skott, P. (1995). Financial innovation, deregulation and Minsky cycles. Macroeconomic Policy after the Conservative Era', Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachussets, 255-273.

Solaiman, S. M. (2009). Investor protection by securities regulators in the primary. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590790910993735

share markets in Australia and Bangladesh: A comparison and contrast. Journal of Financial Crime, 16(4), 305-333.

Spyrou, S. (2013). Herding in financial markets: a review of the literature. Review of Behavioural Finance, 5(2), 175-194. https://doi.org/10.1108/RBF-02-2013-0009

Truong, N. H., & Le, M. U. (2014). An Exploratory Study of Herd Behaviour in Vietnamese Stock Market: A New Method. Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting, 6(1), 464-475. https://doi.org/10.5296/ajfa.v6i1.5326

Verrecchia, R. E. (2001). Essays on disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 32(1), 97-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(01)00025-8

Vidal-Tomás, D., Ibáñez, A. M., & Farinós, J. E. (2019). Herding in the cryptocurrency market: CSSD and CSAD approaches. Finance Research Letters, 30, 181-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2018.09.008

Watts, R. L., & Zimmerman, J. L. (1983). Agency problems, auditing, and the theory of the firm: Some evidence. The Journal of Law and Economics, 26(3), 613-633. https://doi.org/10.1086/467051

Yao, J., Ma, C., & He, W. P. (2014). Investor herding behaviour of Chinese stock market. International Review of Economics & Finance, 29, 12-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2013.03.002

Yu, S., & Webb, G. (2017). Market adaptation to Regulation Fair Disclosure: The use of industry information to enhance the informational environment. Journal of Economics and Business, 89, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2016.10.002

Zhou, R. T., & Lai, R. N. (2009). Herding and information based trading. Journal of Empirical Finance, 16(3), 388-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2009.01.004

Downloads

Published

2021-12-30

How to Cite

Danrimi, Moh’d Lawal, & Shareef, Mukthar. (2021). Cross Sectional Absolute Deviation of Security Return: Evidence from European Equity Markets. UMYU Journal of Accounting and Finance Research, 2(2), 107–124. https://doi.org/10.61143/umyu-jafr.2(2)2021.008