Cross Sectional Absolute Deviation of Security Return: Evidence from European Equity Markets
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61143/umyu-jafr.2(2)2021.008Keywords:
Herding, Financial Regulation, Equity MarketsAbstract
This paper tries to investigate whether changes in information environment resulting from the changes in the EU financial market regulations mitigates investors’ herding practice in the equity market. To achieve this set objective, the paper employs and modifies one of the most reliable and widely used herding detection techniques of Cross-Sectional Absolute Deviation (CSAD) which uses stock return dispersion as a function of aggregate market return as a proxy for herding behavior. The rationale behind these herding measures is that limited deviation of returns around their cross-sectional average implies that investors ignore their prior heterogeneous information and follow the market consensus in their trading patterns. The findings of this study reveal significant evidence of investors’ herding practice following the EU financial regulatory changes. These findings tend to defy the notion that strengthening financial regulations has the potential to enhance the informational efficiency of capital markets by encouraging information-based trading and mitigating irrational investment behaviors like intentional herding. The results of this study are expected to be of interest to academics, regulators, and policy-makers, and to the investing public and other market participants who trade based on firm fundamental variables. Moreover, the findings can be used to serve as a reminder to regulators in other jurisdictions to ensure that their countries are maintaining a clean and healthy financial markets regulatory infrastructure.
Metrics
References
Ahmed, A. S., & Schneible, R. A. (2007). The impact of regulation fair disclosure on investors' prior information quality-evidence from an analysis of changes in trading volume and stock price reactions to earnings announcements. Journal of Corporate Finance, 13(2), 282-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2006.11.003
Ananzeh, I. E. N. (2014). Testing the weak form of efficient market hypothesis: Empirical evidence from Jordan. International Business and Management, 9(2), 119-123.
Armstrong, C. S., Barth, M. E., Jagolinzer, A. D., & Riedl, E. J. (2010). Market reaction to the adoption of IFRS in Europe. The Accounting Review, 85(1), 31-61. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2010.85.1.31
Arya, A., Glover, J., Mittendorf, B., & Narayanamoorthy, G. (2005). Unintended consequences of regulating disclosures: The case of Regulation Fair Disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 24(3), 243-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2005.03.004
Babajide, A. A., & Adetiloye, K. A. (2012). Investors' behavioral biases and the security market: An empirical study of the Nigerian security market. Accounting and Finance Research, 1(1), 219-229. https://doi.org/10.5430/afr.v1n1p219
Barth, J. R., Caprio, G., & Levine, R. (2004). Bank regulation and supervision: what works best? Journal of Financial Intermediation, 13(2), 205-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2003.06.002
Belhoula, M., & Naoui, K. (2011). Herding and Positive Feedback Trading in American Stock Market: A Two Co-directional Behavior of Investors. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(9), 244-252. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v6n9p244
Beneish, M. D., & Yohn, T. L. (2008). Information friction and investor home bias: A perspective on the effect of global IFRS adoption on the extent of equity home bias. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 27(6), 433-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2008.09.001
BenMabrouk, H., & Litimi, H. (2018). Cross herding between American industries and the oil market. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2018.02.009
Bikhchandani, S., & Sharma, S. (2000). Herd behavior in financial markets. IMF Economic Review, 47(3), 279-310. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.228343
Blasco, N., Corredor, P., & Ferreruela, S. (2017). Can agents sensitive to cultural, organizational and environmental issues avoid herding? Finance Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2017.01.006
Bowe, M., & Domuta, D. (2004). Investor herding during financial crisis: A clinical study of the Jakarta Stock Exchange. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 12(4), 387-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2003.09.003
Branch, B. (2014). Institutional economics and behavioral finance. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 1, 13-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2013.11.001
Bushee, B. J., & Leuz, C. (2005). Economic consequences of SEC disclosure regulation: evidence from the OTC bulletin board. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 39(2), 233-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2004.04.002
Carhart, M. M. (1997). On persistence in mutual fund performance. The Journal of Finance, 52(1), 57-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb03808.x
Chan, S.-G., & Karim, M. Z. A. (2016). Financial market regulation, country governance, and bank efficiency: Evidence from East Asian countries. Contemporary Economics, 10(1), 39-54. https://doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.197
Chang, C. H., & Lin, S. (2015). The effects of national culture and behavioral pitfalls on investors' decision-making: Herding behavior in international stock markets. International Review of Economics & Finance, 37, 380-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2014.12.010
Chang, Cheng, J. W., & Khorana, A. (2000). An examination of herd behavior in equity markets: An international perspective. Journal of Banking & Finance, 24(10), 1651-1679. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(99)00096-5
Chau, F., Dosmukhambetova, G. B., & Kallinterakis, V. (2013). International Financial Reporting Standards and noise trading. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 14(1), 37-53. https://doi.org/10.1108/09675421311282531
Chiang, T. C., & Zheng, D. (2010). An empirical analysis of herd behavior in global stock markets. Journal of Banking & Finance, 34(8), 1911-1921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2009.12.014
Christensen, H. B., Hail, L., & Leuz, C. (2013). Mandatory IFRS reporting and changes in enforcement. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 56(2-3, Supplement 1), 147-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2013.10.007
Christensen, H. B., Hail, L., & Leuz, C. (2016). Capital-market effects of securities regulation: Prior conditions, implementation, and enforcement. The Review of Financial Studies, 29(11), 2885-2924. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhw055
Christie, W. G., & Huang, R. D. (1995). Following the pied piper: Do individual returns herd around the market? Financial Analysts Journal, 31-37. https://doi.org/10.2469/faj.v51.n4.1918
Cumming, D., Dannhauser, R., & Johan, S. (2015). Financial market misconduct and agency conflicts: A synthesis and future directions. Journal of Corporate Finance, 34, 150-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2015.07.016
Cumming, D., Johan, S., & Li, D. (2011). Exchange trading rules and stock market liquidity. Journal of Financial Economics, 99(3), 651-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2010.10.001
Dang, H. V., & Lin, M. (2016). Herd mentality in the stock market: On the role of idiosyncratic participants with heterogeneous information. International Review of Financial Analysis, 48, 247-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2016.10.005
Daniel, S. J., Cieslewicz, A. P. J. K., & Pourjalali, H. (2012). The impact of national economic culture and country-level institutional environment on corporate governance practices. Management International Review, 52(3), 365-394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-011-0108-x
Demirer, R., Kutan, A. M., & Chen, C.-D. (2010). Do investors herd in emerging stock markets?: Evidence from the Taiwanese market. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 76(2), 283-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2010.06.013
Duasa, J., & Kassim, S. (2009). Herd behavior in Malaysian capital market: An empirical analysis. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, 4(1), 7.
Economou, F., Katsikas, E., & Vickers, G. (2016). Testing for herding in the Athens Stock Exchange during the crisis period. Finance Research Letters, 18, 334-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2016.05.011
Economou, F., Kostakis, A., & Philippas, N. (2011). Cross-country effects in herding behaviour: Evidence from four south European markets. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 21(3), 443-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2011.01.005
Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (1995). Size and book‐to‐market factors in earnings and returns. The journal of finance, 50(1), 131-155. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1995.tb05169.x
Fernández, B., Garcia‐Merino, T., Mayoral, R., Santos, V., & Vallelado, E. (2011). Herding, information uncertainty and investors' cognitive profile. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 3(1), 7-33. https://doi.org/10.1108/17554171111124595
Galariotis, E. C., Krokida, S.-I., & Spyrou, S. I. (2016). Herd behavior and equity market liquidity: Evidence from major markets. International Review of Financial Analysis, 48, 140-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2016.09.013
Galariotis, E. C., Rong, W., & Spyrou, S. I. (2015). Herding on fundamental information: A comparative study. Journal of Banking & Finance, 50(0), 589-598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.03.014
Gavriilidis, K., Kallinterakis, V., & Ferreira, M. P. L. (2013). Institutional industry herding: Intentional or spurious? Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 26, 192-214.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2013.05.008
Gomes, A., Gorton, G., & Madureira, L. (2007). SEC Regulation Fair Disclosure, information, and the cost of capital. Journal of Corporate Finance, 13(2), 300-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2006.11.001
Gordy, M. B., & Howells, B. (2006). Procyclicality in Basel II: Can we treat the disease without killing the patient? Journal of Financial Intermediation, 15(3), 395-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2005.12.002
Goshen, Z., & Parchomovsky, G. (2005). The essential role of securities regulation. Duke LJ, 55, 711. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.600709
Grosse, R. (2017). The global financial crisis-Market misconduct and regulation from a behavioral view. Research in International Business and Finance, 41, 387-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.04.056
Guney, Y., Kallinterakis, V., & Komba, G. (2017). Herding in frontier markets: Evidence from African stock exchanges. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 47, 152-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2016.11.001
Hachicha, N. (2010). New sight of herding behavioural through trading volume (No. 2010-11). Economics Discussion Papers
Hail, L., & Leuz, C. (2006). International differences in the cost of equity capital: Do legal institutions and securities regulation matter? Journal of Accounting Research, 44(3), 485-531. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2006.00209.x
Hamberg, M., Mavruk, T., & Sjögren, S. (2013). Investment allocation decisions, home bias and the mandatory IFRS adoption. Journal of International Money and Finance, 36, 107-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2013.04.001
Healy, P. M., & Palepu, K. G. (2001). Information asymmetry, corporate disclosure, and the capital markets: A review of the empirical disclosure literature. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 31(1), 405-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(01)00018-0
Hirshleifer, D. (2001). Investor psychology and asset pricing. The Journal of Finance, 56(4), 1533-1597. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00379
Hope, O.-K., Jin, J., & Kang, T. (2006). Empirical evidence on jurisdictions that adopt IFRS. Journal of International Accounting Research, 5(2), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.2308/jiar.2006.5.2.1
Hou, A. J. (2013). Asymmetry effects of shocks in Chinese stock markets volatility: A generalized additive nonparametric approach. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 23(0), 12-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2012.08.003
Huang, T., & Zhao, Y. (2017). Revolution of securities law in the Internet Age: A review on equity crowd-funding. Computer Law & Security Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2017.05.016
Huang, T.-C., Wu, C.-C., & Lin, B.-H. (2016). Institutional herding and risk-return relationship. Journal of Business Research, 69(6), 2073-2080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.12.011
Hwang, Soonsung & Salmon, Mark (2004). Market stress and herding. Journal of Empirical Finance, 11(4) 585-616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2004.04.003
Jackson, H. E., & Roe, M. J. (2009). Public and private enforcement of securities laws: Resource-based evidence. Journal of Financial Economics, 93(2), 207-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2008.08.006
Jain, P. K., & Rezaee, Z. (2006). The Sarbanes‐Oxley Act of 2002 and Capital‐Market Behavior: Early Evidence. Contemporary Accounting Research, 23(3), 629-654. https://doi.org/10.1506/2GWA-MBPJ-L35D-C4K6
Jang, J. (2017). Stock return anomalies and individual investors in the Korean stock market. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 46, 141-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2017.09.002
Javaira, Z., & Hassan, A. (2015). An examination of herding behavior in Pakistani stock market. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 10(3), 474-490. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJoEM-07-2011-0064
Jiang, H., & Verardo, M. (2018). Does herding behavior reveal skill? An analysis of mutual fund performance. The Journal of Finance, 73(5), 2229-2269. https://doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12699
Kabir, M. H., & Shakur, S. (2018). Regime-dependent herding behavior in Asian and Latin American stock markets. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 47, 60-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2017.12.002
Kang, W. (2013). The impact of mandatory IFRS adoption on the earnings-returns relation. Applied Financial Economics, 23(13), 1137-1143. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603107.2013.797557
Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2009). Governance matters VIII: aggregate and individual governance indicators, 1996-2008. World bank policy research working paper(4978). https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4978
Kim, T., Koo, B., & Park, M. (2013). Role of financial regulation and innovation in the financial crisis. Journal of Financial Stability, 9(4), 662-672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2012.07.002
Klein, A. C. (2013). Time-variations in herding behavior: Evidence from a Markov switching SUR model. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 26(0), 291-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2013.06.006
Kremer, S., & Nautz, D. (2013). Causes and consequences of short-term institutional herding. Journal of Banking & Finance, 37(5), 1676-1686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.12.006
Kross, W. J., & Suk, I. (2012). Does Regulation FD work? Evidence from analysts' reliance on public disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 53(1), 225-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2011.11.004
La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A.(2006). What Works in Securities Laws? The Journal of Finance, Vol. LXI, No. 1, 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2006.00828.x
Lakonishok, J., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1992). The impact of institutional trading on stock prices. Journal of Financial Economics, 32(1), 23-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(92)90023-Q
Lambert, R., Leuz, C., & Verrecchia, R. E. (2007). Accounting information, disclosure, and the cost of capital. Journal of Accounting Research, 45(2), 385-420. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2007.00238.x
Lambertides, N., & Mazouz, K. (2013). Stock price volatility and informational efficiency following the mandatory adoption of IFRS in Europe. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 14(1), 4-17. https://doi.org/10.1108/09675421311282513
Lao, P., & Singh, H. (2011). Herding behaviour in the Chinese and Indian stock markets. Journal of Asian Economics, 22(6), 495-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2011.08.001
Leftwich, R. (1980). Market failure fallacies and accounting information. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 2(3), 193-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-4101(80)90002-6
Leuz, C., & Wysocki, P. D. (2016). The economics of disclosure and financial reporting regulation: Evidence and suggestions for future research. Journal of accounting research, 54(2), 525-622. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12115
Li, Y., Saunders, A., & Shao, P. (2015). Did Regulation Fair Disclosure affect credit markets? Journal of Banking & Finance, 54, 46-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2015.01.001
Litimi, H., BenSaïda, A., & Bouraoui, O. (2016). Herding and excessive risk in the American stock market: A sectoral analysis. Research in International Business and Finance, 38, 6-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2016.03.008
Mensah, Y. M., & Yang, R. (2008). An empirical evaluation of analysts' herding behavior following Regulation Fair Disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 27(4), 317-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2008.06.003
Mobarek, A., Mollah, S., & Keasey, K. (2014). A cross-country analysis of herd behavior in Europe. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 32, 107-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2014.05.008
Nasarudin, A. M., Noordin, B. A.A., Law, S. H., Yahaya, M.H, (2017). Investigation of Herding Behaviour in Developed and Developing Countries: Does Country Governance Factor Matters? Capital Markets Review 25 (2) pp. 1-14.
Nenova, T. (2006). Takeover laws and financial development (Vol. 4029): World Bank Publications. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4029
Palea, V. (2013). IAS/IFRS and financial reporting quality: Lessons from the European experience. China Journal of Accounting Research, 6(4), 247-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjar.2013.08.003
Panta, S. B., Phuyal, N., Sharma, R., & Vora, G. (2016). The Cross-Section of Stock Returns: An Application of Fama-French Approach to Nepal. Modern Economy, 7(02), 223. https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2016.72024
Peltzman, S., Levine, M. E., & Noll, R. G. (1989). The economic theory of regulation after a decade of deregulation. Brookings papers on economic activity. Microeconomics, 1989, 1-59. https://doi.org/10.2307/2534719
Prosad, J. M., Kapoor, S., & Sengupta, J. (2012). An Examination of Herd Behavior: An Empirical Evidence from Indian Equity Market. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 3(2), 154. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJTEF.2012.V3.190
Shiller, R. J. (2003). From efficient markets theory to behavioral finance. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(1), 83-104. https://doi.org/10.1257/089533003321164967
Sias, R. W. (2004). Institutional herding. Review of Financial Studies, 17(1), 165-206. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhg035
Simões Vieira, E. F., & Valente Pereira, M. S. (2015). Herding behaviour and sentiment: Evidence in a small European market. Revista de Contabilidad 18(1)78-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsar.2014.06.003
Singleton-Green, B. (2015). The effects of mandatory IFRS adoption in the EU: A review of empirical research (April 20, 2015). Information for Better Markets, Forthcoming, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2515391.
Skott, P. (1995). Financial innovation, deregulation and Minsky cycles. Macroeconomic Policy after the Conservative Era', Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachussets, 255-273.
Solaiman, S. M. (2009). Investor protection by securities regulators in the primary. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590790910993735
share markets in Australia and Bangladesh: A comparison and contrast. Journal of Financial Crime, 16(4), 305-333.
Spyrou, S. (2013). Herding in financial markets: a review of the literature. Review of Behavioural Finance, 5(2), 175-194. https://doi.org/10.1108/RBF-02-2013-0009
Truong, N. H., & Le, M. U. (2014). An Exploratory Study of Herd Behaviour in Vietnamese Stock Market: A New Method. Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting, 6(1), 464-475. https://doi.org/10.5296/ajfa.v6i1.5326
Verrecchia, R. E. (2001). Essays on disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 32(1), 97-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(01)00025-8
Vidal-Tomás, D., Ibáñez, A. M., & Farinós, J. E. (2019). Herding in the cryptocurrency market: CSSD and CSAD approaches. Finance Research Letters, 30, 181-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2018.09.008
Watts, R. L., & Zimmerman, J. L. (1983). Agency problems, auditing, and the theory of the firm: Some evidence. The Journal of Law and Economics, 26(3), 613-633. https://doi.org/10.1086/467051
Yao, J., Ma, C., & He, W. P. (2014). Investor herding behaviour of Chinese stock market. International Review of Economics & Finance, 29, 12-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2013.03.002
Yu, S., & Webb, G. (2017). Market adaptation to Regulation Fair Disclosure: The use of industry information to enhance the informational environment. Journal of Economics and Business, 89, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2016.10.002
Zhou, R. T., & Lai, R. N. (2009). Herding and information based trading. Journal of Empirical Finance, 16(3), 388-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2009.01.004
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 UMYU Journal of Accounting and Finance Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.